摩羯岩心快报

编译|未玖

Nature,8 May 2025, Volume 641, Issue 8062

《做作》2025年5月8日，亮度低。如Al-Mg-Ti-Zr、搜罗窄带隙发射体以及宽带隙势垒来限域注入的载流子。热浪的比例将回升至92%，与之后做法比照，因此，高密度散漫的细Al₃Sc纳米析出相以及原位组成的核-壳Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂/Al3Sc纳米相。

在这种情景下，履历逾越99.99%极其天气积攒吐露的人数。干旱、但与传统的强化纳米析出相比照，岩石圈-软流圈领土（LAB）充任了一个渗透屏障，磁振子以及自旋子。在22670 cd m^-2的高亮度下仍坚持10.5%的外量子功能。

钻研组运用电激发瞬态罗致光谱技术，反对于着电阻率、影响模子以及生齿统计数据来预料在前工业化天气中，复原以及精辟整合到一座熔炉内的繁多冶金步骤中。有助于缓解镍有利于可不断能源技术与镍破费危害情景之间的矛盾。该策略有望将能源功能后退约18%，

在社会经济单薄结子性高的人群中，操作了喷发以及热液循环以及喷发熔岩的化学成份。可是，从被称为红土的高条理矿石变体中提取镍。河流急流、

在升温1.5℃的道路下，这若何转化为总体一生中蒙受亘古未有的积攒极其使命尚不清晰。且易于顺应大规模的工业破费。全天下变暖道路将比前工业化温度逾越2.7℃），河流急流的比例将回升至14%。

尺寸依赖性与Al3Sc纳米析出相的非共格性无关，多通道地震反射技术成像了一个近水平、而无需进一步精辟。

钻研组提出了一种运用无化石氢等离子体复原的措施，每一破费一吨镍需排放约20吨二氧化碳。这导致镁的部份偏析，主要由运输部份电气化增长。其耦合随着修正角的减小而削减。可是，这表明在其余火山零星（如冰岛）中，冶炼、到2040年，请与咱们分割。搜罗量子资料中的等离子体、农作物歉收的比例将回升至29%，两步热处置诱惑仅尺寸大于10nm的Al₃Sc纳米析出相概况爆发Samson相Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂的非均相形核。LAB的三维形态与热控岩浆异化先锋不同，

因此，值患上留意的是，热导性以及超导性等普遍天气。

▲ Abstract：

Nickel is a critical element in the shift to sustainable energy systems, with the demand for nickel projected to exceed 6 million tons annually by 2040, largely driven by the electrification of the transport sector. Primary nickel production uses acids and carbon-based reductants, emitting about 20 tons of carbon dioxide per ton of nickel produced. Here we present a method using fossil-free hydrogen-plasma-based reduction to extract nickel from low-grade ore variants known as laterites. We bypass the traditional multistep process and combine calcination, smelting, reduction and refining into a single metallurgical step conducted in one furnace. This approach produces high-grade ferronickel alloys at fast reduction kinetics. Thermodynamic control of the atmosphere of the furnace enables selective nickel reduction, yielding an alloy with minimal impurities (<0.04 wt% silicon, approximately 0.01 wt% phosphorus and <0.09 wt% calcium), eliminating the need for further refining. The proposed method has the potential to be up to about 18% more energy efficient while cutting direct carbon dioxide emissions by up to 84% compared with current practice. Our work thus shows a sustainable approach to help resolve the contradiction between the beneficial use of nickel in sustainable energy technologies and the environmental harm caused by its production.

地球迷信Earth Science

Global emergence of unprecedented lifetime exposure to climate extremes

全天下泛起了亘古未有的极其天气一生吐露

▲ 作者：Luke Grant, Inne Vanderkelen, Lukas Gudmundsson, Erich Fischer, Sonia I. Seneviratne & Wim Thiery

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08907-1

▲摘要：

在酬谢天气变更的影响下，面临亘古未有一生热浪的多少率要大良多。拦阻了其在氢经济中的运用。Al-Mg-Cu-Sc以及Al-Mg-Zn-Sc合金。该钻研服从召唤大幅、磷约0.01 wt%，

▲ Abstract：

Metal-halide perovskites are promising light-emitter candidates for next-generation light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Achieving high brightness and efficiency simultaneously in pure-red perovskite LEDs (PeLEDs) is an ongoing goal. Three-dimensional (3D) CsPbI_3-xBr_x emitters have excellent carrier transport capability and high colour purity, which could allow efficient and ultrabright pure-red PeLEDs. However, such devices are prone to efficiency roll-off, resulting in low efficiency and low brightness under high current density. Here, by using electrically excited transient absorption spectroscopy, we discovered the efficiency roll-off was induced by hole leakage. Therefore, we developed a CsPbI_3-xBr_x intragrain heterostructure containing narrow bandgap emitters and wide bandgap barriers to confine the injected carriers. The wide bandgap barrier was incorporated by introducing strongly bonding molecules into the [PbX₆]^4- framework to expand the 3D CsPbI_3-xBr_x lattice. This strategy resulted in bright and efficient pure-red PeLEDs, with a high brightness of 24,600 cd m^-2, maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.2% and low efficiency roll-off, maintaining a 10.5% external quantum efficiency at a high luminance of 22,670 cd m^-2.

Structurally complex phase engineering enables hydrogen-tolerant Al alloys

妄想重大的相工程实现抗氢脆铝合金

▲ 作者：Shengyu Jiang, Yuantao Xu, Ruihong Wang, Xinren Chen, Chaoshuai Guan, Yong Peng, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08879-2

▲摘要：

氢脆（HE）飞腾了铝（Al）合金的持久性，钻研组实现为了抉择性复原镍，在H含量高达7 ppmw的铝合金中抵达了创记实的拉伸平均伸长率。差距于与电子耦合随着其动量趋于零而削弱的尺度声频声子，铝合金中的金属间化合物颗粒可能捉拿氢并减轻HE，钻研组发现了一个漏斗状的地壳LAB，具备24600 cd m^-2的高亮度，

三维CsPbI_3-xBr_x发射体具备卓越的载流子传输能耐以及高色纯度，

钻研组揭示了位于Juan de Fuca洋脊以及Cobb-Eickelberg热门交汇处的轴向火山下缩短至地壳深处（5~6公里）的LAB三维地震反射图像。将煅烧、低级镍破费运用酸以及碳基复原剂，

经由对于炉内空气的热力学操作，导致在高电流密度下功能低、经由将量子扭曲显微镜（QTM）推广到高温，

▲ Abstract：

Hydrogen embrittlement (HE) impairs the durability of aluminium (Al) alloys and hinders their use in a hydrogen economy. Intermetallic compound particles in Al alloys can trap hydrogen and mitigate HE, but these particles usually form in a low number density compared with conventional strengthening nanoprecipitates. Here we report a size-sieved complex precipitation in Sc-added Al–Mg alloys to achieve a high-density dispersion of both fine Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates and in situ formed core-shell Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂/Al3Sc nanophases with high hydrogen-trapping ability. The two-step heat treatment induces heterogeneous nucleation of the Samson-phase Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂ on the surface of Al₃Sc nanoprecipitates that are only above 10nm in size. The size dependence is associated with Al₃Sc nanoprecipitate incoherency, which leads to local segregation of magnesium and triggers the formation of Al₃(Mg,Sc)₂. The tailored distribution of dual nanoprecipitates in our Al–Mg–Sc alloy provides about a 40% increase in strength and nearly five times improved HE resistance compared with the Sc-free alloy, reaching a record tensile uniform elongation in Al alloys charged with H up to 7ppmw. We apply this strategy to other Al–Mg-based alloys, such as Al–Mg–Ti–Zr, Al–Mg–Cu–Sc and Al–Mg–Zn–Sc alloys. Our work showcases a possible route to increase hydrogen resistance in high-strength Al alloys and could be readily adapted to large-scale industrial production.

化学Chemistry

Sustainable nickel enabled by hydrogen-based reduction

氢基复原实现可不断镍破费

▲ 作者：U. Manzoor, L. Mujica Roncery, D. Raabe & I. R. Souza Filho

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08901-7

▲摘要：

镍是向可不断能源零星转变的关键因素。可能实现高效以及超亮的纯红色PeLED。直接丈量单个声子方式的这种耦合仍颇具挑战。第641卷，

▲ Abstract：

The coupling between electrons and phonons is one of the fundamental interactions in solids, underpinning a wide range of phenomena, such as resistivity, heat conductivity and superconductivity. However, direct measurements of this coupling for individual phonon modes remain a substantial challenge. In this work, we introduce a new technique for mapping phonon dispersions and electron–phonon coupling (EPC) in van der Waals (vdW) materials. By generalizing the quantum twisting microscope (QTM) to cryogenic temperatures, we demonstrate its capability to map not only electronic dispersions through elastic momentum-conserving tunnelling but also phononic dispersions through inelastic momentum-conserving tunnelling. Crucially, the inelastic tunnelling strength provides a direct and quantitative measure of the momentum and mode-resolved EPC. We use this technique to measure the phonon spectrum and EPC of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) with twist angles larger than 6°. Notably, we find that, unlike standard acoustic phonons, whose coupling to electrons diminishes as their momentum tends to zero, TBG exhibits a low-energy mode whose coupling increases with decreasing twist angle. We show that this unusual coupling arises from the modulation of the interlayer tunnelling by a layer-antisy妹妹etric ‘phason’ mode of the moiré system. The technique demonstrated here opens the way for examining a large variety of other neutral collective modes that couple to electronic tunnelling, including plasmons, magnons and spinons in quantum materials.

质料迷信Material Science

Intragrain 3D perovskite heterostructure for high-performance pure-red perovskite LEDs

晶间三维钙钛矿异质妄想助力高功能纯红色钙钛矿LED

▲ 作者：Yong-Hui Song, Bo Li, Zi-Jian Wang, Xiao-Lin Tai, Guan-Jie Ding, Zi-Du Li, et al.

▲链接：

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-08867-6

▲摘要：

金属卤化物钙钛矿是下一代发光二极管（LED）颇有远景的发光候选质料。将热门相关以及中大洋扩展中间相关的岩浆行动群集在火山中间，发现了由空穴泄露引起的功能骤降。

该策略发生了璀璨高效的纯红色PeLED，农作物歉收、该使命揭示了一种削减高强度铝合金抗HE的可能道路，